The Global Positioning System

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that was originally designed for the U.S. military. However, the number of civilian GPS users now exceeds the military users, and many commercial markets have emerged. This book identifies technical improvements that would enhance military, civilian, and commercial use of the GPS. Several technical improvements are recommended that could be made to enhance the overall system performance.

Table of Contents

• Front Matter
• Executive Summary
• TASK 1
• Recommendations that Enhance GPS Performance for Civil and Commercial Users
• Recommendations that Enhance GPS Performance for All Users (Civil, Commercial, and Military)
• Improvement Implementation Strategy
• TASK 3
• THE TASK
• JOINT STUDY APPROACH
• MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSIDERATIONS
• GPS PROGRAM OVERVIEW
• GPS TECHNICAL OVERVIEW
• INTRODUCTION
• GPS MILITARY APPLICATIONS
• Current and Future Applications and Requirements
• Accuracy and Integrity
• Anti-Jam and Anti-Spoof Capability
• GPS AVIATION APPLICATIONS
• Current and Future Applications and Requirements
• Resistance to Radio Frequency Interference
• Operational Procedures
• MARITIME USE OF GPS
• Current and Future Applications and Requirements
• Associated Technologies
• Selective Availability
• Findings
• Current and Future Applications and Requirements
• Accuracy Versus Other Requirements
• Findings
• Current and Future Applications and Requirements
• Challenges to Full GPS Utilization
• GPS EARTH SCIENCE APPLICATIONS
• Oceanography
• Airborne Geophysics
• Accuracy Requirements
• Oceanography
• Findings
• Current and Future Applications and Requirements
• Time Synchronization
• SPACECRAFT USES OF GPS
• Orbit Determination
• Launch and Re-entry Vehicle Guidance
• Signal Visibility
• SUMMARY
• INTRODUCTION
• Accuracy
• SELECTIVE AVAILABILITY AND ANTI-SPOOFING
• Selective Availability
• Military Utility of SA
• Impact of SA on GPS User Equipment Manufacturers and U.S. Competitiveness
• Impact of SA on Civil Users
• Findings and Recommendations
• Impact of A-S on Military Users
• Findings and Recommendations
• SIGNAL STRUCTURE MODIFICATIONS TO REDUCE ATMOSPHERIC DELAY ERROR
• Guidelines and Technical Considerations
• New Signal Structure Options
• Option 2: Narrow-Band L4 Signal
• Increased Accuracy
• Reduction of Receiver Noise and Multipath Errors
• Findings and Recommendations
• Recommended Upgrades to the Operational Control Segment
• Accuracy Improvements
• Overall System Improvements
• Planned Block IIR Operation
• Accuracy Improvements by Incorporating Satellite Ranging Data into Ground Solution
• Ground-Based Integrity Improvements
• Rapid, Direct Y-Code Acquisition
• Inertial Aiding Improvements
• Signal Processing Improvements
• Improved L2 Ionospheric Correction
• Possible Interim Operational Procedures
• IMPROVEMENT IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
• Use of a 24-Satellite Ensemble Clock
• Reduced Satellite Clock Errors Through Use of Improved Clocks
• Satellite-Based Integrity Monitoring
• Cross-Correlation Type Y-Codeless Receivers
• Y-Code Tracking PPS Receivers
• Wide-Band Signals at High Frequency
• Spot Beams
• GPS Transmit Antenna Calibration
• Improved L1 Signal Reception at Angles Below the Earth's Horizon
• Appendix B Abbreviated Committee Biographies
• ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE NAVSTAR GPS PROGRAM
• Department of Defense
• Department of Transportation
• The Federal Radionavigation Plan
• GPS TECHNICAL OVERVIEW
• Space Segment
• Operational Control Segment
• User Equipment
• GPS Signal Characteristics and Operational Concepts
• Selective Availability and Other Positioning Errors
• Atmospheric Error
• Receiver Errors
• Availability
• Resistance to RF Interference
• Differential GPS
• Carrier Phase (Interferometric) GPS
• Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)
• Combined Use of GPS and GLONASS
• GPS and Loran-C
• PERMANENT DIFFERENTIAL GPS AUGMENTATIONS
• FAA Wide-Area and Local-Area DGPS Concepts
• NOAA Continuously Operated...read more...