From Romanticism to Modernismo in Latin America

The 19th century in Latin America begins with the weakening of the political institutions established by the Spanish Crown, the emergence of a native consciousness and the diffusion of the ideas of the French Revolution and the United States. These articles examine the phenomena that mark the onset of the new century: the series of revolutions and long military struggles for independence that placed large areas of territory under arms and resulted in the formation of strong and independent nation-states.