Justice for Some

A thoroughly comparative study on the history, law, politics, and latest knowledge about miscarriages of justice and wrongful convictions and the differences between them.

Explains why in the United States and China, the wrongfully convicted must prove their innocence while elsewhere there is more concern with reasonable doubts about guilt. Examines the causes of miscarriages of justice including racial prejudice and gender stereotypes and why there are wrongful convictions for crimes that never occurred.This book defines the differing concepts of miscarriages of justice, wrongful convictions and innocence in relation to the presumption of innocence and the rationing of justice. It compares inquisitorial systems, with examples from Europe, South America and Asia to adversarial systems. It contrasts England's focus on the miscarriage of justice and the remedial institutions of the Court of Appeal and the Criminal Cases Review Commission, with the United States and China's narrower focus on proven factual innocence It highlights new laws enacted in India in 2023 that increase the risk of wrongful convictions, and details how the International Criminal Court has taken steps to reduce the risk of false guilty pleas that may have been accepted by previous international criminal courts. The book examines the roles of racist prejudice and gender stereotypes in wrongful convictions. It also examines false guilty pleas such as those in the Post Office scandal, as well as wrongful convictions for crimes that did not happen. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.