The Complex Friendships of Alexander the Great

A first-of-its-kind study of Alexander the Great that examines the diverse manifestations and pivotal role of friendship in his campaigns, decisions, and enduring legacy.

Modern scholarship has illuminated nearly every aspect of Alexander the Great's life and campaigns––but Joseph Roisman turns to a dimension of Alexander's world that has yet to receive sustained analysis: the structure and function of friendship in the king's regime. In this first-of-its kind study, The Complex Friendships of Alexander the Great explores the central role friendship played in Alexander's social, political, and cultural world. Moving beyond utilitarian perspectives, Roisman shows that friendship with the king involved affective, non-instrumental bonds that shaped his decisions, successes, and failures.

Using Aristotle's philosophy of friendship as a starting point, Roisman examines the making, breaking, and remaking of bonds with Macedonian companions, including his closest allies, as well as with foreigners encountered during his campaigns. The book concludes with the first comprehensive list of Alexander's friends drawn from ancient sources. Combining meticulous scholarship with new interpretive insight, this study reevaluates how we understand Alexander the Great's leadership, social networks, and legacy.